Kungl Tekniska HögskolanDepartment of Land and Water Resources Engineering
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Erik LevlinAssociate professor, PhD, |
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Curriculum VitaePersonal Data
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Academic BackgroundM.Sc. (Bergsingenjör), 1976 School of Metallurgy and Material Science, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. M.Sc. (Teknisk Licentiat), 1982 Dep. of Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science, School of Chemistry, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
Associate professor, (Docent) 2008 in Environmental Engineering Professional ExperiencePh.D-student (1976 to 1993), Assistant (1976-1982) and Course assistant in Corrosion Science (1976 - 2002) at the Dep. of Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science (Since 1993 Div. of Corrosion Science), KTH, Stockholm, Sweden. Investigation task (November 1983 to May 1984) at the National Swedish Environmental Protection Agency Research work (Since 1986) at the Division of Water Resources Engineering, from 2001 the Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, KTH.
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PublicationsEnvironment and Sewage sludge2011:
2010:
2009: Levlin E., R. Hassanzadeh, R.A. Soh, B. Hultman & E. Plaza A pilot-plant research facility in Stockholm - Possibilities to test new treatment processes as magnesium salt addition to meet requirements for the future. 2nd IWA Specialized Conferens nutrient management in wastewater treatment processes, Proceedings pp. 1159-1160. 2008: Levlin E. & Hultman B. Konduktivitetsmätningar som mät- och kontrollmetod vid kommunala avloppsanläggningar (Conductivity measurements as measure and control method for municipal wastewater treatment), Svenskt Vatten Utveckling Rapport Nr 2008-04, 51 pages, report. 2007:
2006: 2005: 2004:
Levlin E. & Stark K. Phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge after incineration or Supercritical Water Oxidation. The first Conference on the Volarization of Phosphates and Phosphorous Compounds COVAPHOS 1, Marrakech Morroco, October 11-13, 2004, Abstracts, O6-03, pp. 262-264. 2003: Hultman B. Levlin E. & Plaza E. Part C, Chapter 17: Resources Management and technology of clean water, Environmental Science, A Baltic University Publication, Uppsala University, ISBN 91-970017-0-8, pp. 505-533.
Kapilashrami S., Cederwall K. & Levlin E. Exceptional flood
and water quality.
2002:
Levlin E., Löwén M., Stark K. & Hultman B. Effects of phosphorus recovery requirements on Swedish sludge management. Water Science Technology Vol 46, No. 4-5, pp. 435-440, abstract.
2001: Hultman B., Levlin E., Mossakowska A. & Stark K. Effects of wastewater treatment technology on phosphorus recovery from sludges and ashes. 2 nd international Conference on Recovery of phosphates from sewage and animal wastes, Noordwijkerhout Netherlands March 12-13, 2001, paper, abstract.
Levlin E., Löwén M., Stark K. & Hultman B. Effects of phosphorus recovery requirements on Swedish sludge management. 2nd World Water Congress of IWA Berlin Germany, October 15–18, 2001, OH, abstract.
Stark K., Hultman B., Mossakowska A. & Levlin E. Kemikaliebehov vid fosforutvinning ur avloppsslam. (Demand of chemicals for phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge) Vatten Vol 57, No 3, pp. 207-215. Wikberg A., Palm O., Eriksson L., Hultman B., Levlin E., & Thyselius L. Förädling av rötrest från biogasanläggningar. RVF Utveckling. Rapport 01:9, ISSN 1404-4471. 2000:
1999:
Lundin L. C. (editor) with 24 authors, 2 Water Use and Management, Sustainable Water Management in the Baltic Sea Basin, Baltic University Programme, Uppsala University, ISBN: 91-973579-4-4. Participated in chapter 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15 and 16 (table of content). 1998:
1997: Hultman B. & Levlin E. Vattenförsörjning till områden med vattenbrist. (Water supply to water scarce regions) Bilaga 4: Vattenexport, Förstudie av möjlig framtida export av färskvatten i stor skala från Sverige och Finland.
 Levlin
E., Westlund L. & Hultman B. Rening av avloppsslam från
tungmetaller och organiska miljöfarliga ämnen. (Removal
of heavy metals and toxic organic contaminants from sewage sludge)
VA–forsk 1996-08, ISSN 1102-5638, ISBN 91-88392-99-6, report.
Corrosion and Material2000: 1996: Lubarski V., Levlin E. & Koroleva. E. Endurance test of aluminous cement produced from water treatment sludge. Vatten, Vol. 52, No. 1, ISSN 0042-2886, pp. 39-42. 1995: 1994: 1993: Levlin E. Material deterioration at different process conditions in waste deposits - Prestudy Report to Avfallsforskningsrådet, AFR, Område 4 Miljöanpassad deponeringsteknik, Diarienr. 314, dossienr. 230. 1992:
Levlin E. Corrosion by aeration cells in soil - Laboratory investigation of the influence of acid rain. 12:th Scandinavian Corrosion Congress & Eurocorr 92, Esbo, Finland June 1 to 4 1992, ISBN 951-96485-0-X, Vol II, pp 383–392. Levlin E. Corrosion by aeration cells in soil – Laboratory investigation of the influence of acid rain. TRITA-VAT 3921, Water Resources Engineering, KTH, (doctor thesis paper V). 1991: Levlin E. Kuprosolvens i hårda vatten. (Cuprosolvensy in hard waters) TRITA-VAT-4911, Water Resources Engineering, KTH, report. Levlin E. Korrosion på vattenledningsrör i mark. (Corrosion
of water pipes in soil) Levlin E. Corrosion of cast-iron in soil - Discussion of two theories, Especially with respect to the H2S/Fe2+-ratio. TRITA–VAT–4912, Water Resources Engineering, KTH, (doctor thesis paper VI). Levlin E. & Kapilashrami S. External corrosion of concrete pipes in soil water environment. Influence of acidification caused by air pollution. TRITA-VAT-1901, Water Resources Engineering, KTH, 51 pages. 1990: 1989: 1988: Levlin E. Kartläggning av försurningsbetingad korrosion av vattenledningsrör i mark - Skadefrekvensanalys. (Corrosion of underground water pipes due to acidification - Damage frequency analysis) TRITA-VAT-3884, Water Resources Engineering, KTH, (English version as doctor thesis paper III). 1986: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1982: 1981: Levlin E. Tentamensuppgifter i korrosionslära, AK 1977-1979 med lösningar. Skriftserie Korrosion och metallskydd, No 29, Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Science, KTH. 1975: |
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AbstractsPhosphorus recovery with acid and base from inorganic sewage sludge residues.Levlin E. Phosphate recovery from sludge incineration ash and sludge residues from Super Critical Water Oxidation, SCWO through leaching with acid HCl and base NaOH was studied. Leaching with base gives a selective dissolution of phosphorus but a low degree of recovery compared to leaching with acid. The high per cent of leached phosphorus compared to leached metals at leaching with acid, and the lower cost for acid makes leaching with acid less expensive. The cost for HCl is estimated to 0.32 Euro/kg P and upward. Since calcium may bind phosphorus at leaching with base, a two step process was tested. A first leaching step with acid at pH-level 4 to dissolve calcium was followed by a second leaching step with base. Two step leaching gave more leaching of phosphate, however, not as high as for leaching with acid. The cost for chemicals for two step leaching was estimated to 1.2 Euro/kg P and upward. Presentation at IWA Specialized Conference - Sustainable sludge management, 29-31 May 2006 Moscow Russia and published in Water Practice & Technology Vol. 2, No 1, 2007. Effects of phosphorus recovery requirements on Swedish sludge managementLevlin E., Löwén M., Stark K. and Hultman B. Expected requirements of phosphorus recovery,
restrictions of sludge disposal on landfill, and difficulties to
obtain consensus on sludge use on agricultural land has led to several
development works in Sweden to change sludge management methods.
Especially sludge fractionation has gained interest including following
steps to recover products and separate transfer of toxic substances
into a small stream. Commercial systems are offered based on technology
by Cambi/KREPRO and BioCon and other companies and many other methods
are under development. Iron salts are widely used in Sweden as precipitation
agents for phosphorus removal and this technology has some disadvantages
for phosphorus recovery compared with the use of biological phosphorus
removal. The amount of chemicals needed for a KREPRO or a Biocon
system was calculated for a treatment plant which has an addition
of iron salt resulting in 1900 mole Fe per tonne DS. The result
was compared with the chemical consumption of recovery systems installed
at plants with lower use of iron for precipitation. The chemical
consumption in equivalents per tonne DS was found to be 5000 + 6000
* (molar ratio iron to phosphorus).
Presentation at 2nd World Water Congress of IWA Berlin Germany,
October 15 - 18, 2001 (OH) and Bengt Hultman, Erik Levlin, Agnes Mossakowska and Kristina Stark Sweden and several other countries have a long tradition in phosphorus removal to protect the recipient from eutrophication. Traditions, availability of cheap precipitation agents and possibilities to reach very low effluent values of total phosphorus in combination with stringent requirements has led to the use, in Sweden, of chemical precipitation as the main method for phosphorus removal. Phosphorus is at present removed in an efficient and reliable way and more concern is now directed towards recycling of phosphorus as a limiting substance and risks of leakage of phosphorus to the recipient from deposits. A national goal has been set up by the Swedish government that 75% of phosphorus in wastes should be recovered. Problems related to phosphorus recycling by use of sludge in agriculture have led to the development of technologies to produce phosphorus products. In the Nordic countries, companies as BioCon, Cambi, Kemira, and Purac have worked out different solutions and are now offering phosphorus recovery for full scale applications. The systems are discussed based on the necessary use of chemicals and it is shown that the sludge composition has a major influence. Some modifications of present process technology are discussed for the largest treatment plant in Stockholm, Henriksdal, to meet the combined requirement of efficient phosphorus removal and recovery.
Aeration cell corrosion has been studied in situ in the soil at a test site in Göteborg, Sweden. The test site was also used for other projects studying groundwater and soil properties and their effects on the corrosion of metals in soil. Aeration cells have in previous work been studied by laboratory experiments. In this project ten aeration cells consisting of two carbon steel sheets each, connected together with a cable, was buried at a depth of 1 meter. The anodic sheets was buried in a lump of clay, and the cathodic was buried in the surrounding filling material. Two types of aeration cells were used, one with a cathodic sheet of the same size as the anodic sheets, and an other with a cathodic sheet being 10 times larger. The anode-cathode area ratio of the cells were 1:1 and 1:10. Four aeration cell was taken up after 1.085 year and the other after 2.685 year. For reference also sheets without connection to any aeration cells were exposed to the soil. After exposure weight loss and pitting depth was measured on all sheets On two aeration cells corrosion current and potential was measured during the 2.685 year test period. As a reference the corrosion potential of sheets with no connection to any aeration cells were measured. The corrosion of the anodic sheets in clay can be calculated from the measured cell current to 31.7 µm/year (2.59 µA/cm²) for the cell with area ratio 10 and 5.0 µm/year (0.47 µA/cm²) with area ratio 1. The difference in cell current between the cells increased with time; from about three times larger in the beginning to about eight. This can be explained by deposition of corrosion products on the cathodic sheet, causing a larger part of the anodic dissolution to be transferred to the anodic sheet. The difference in cell current will be 10 with no corrosion of the cathodic sheets and 1.82 with the same corrosion rates on both anodic and cathodic sheets. Weight loss measurement showed a corrosion rate on the anode in the clay of 0.033 mm/year with a smal cathode and 0.0514 mm/year with a large and a corrosion rate on cathode in the filling material of 5.6 µm/year with a smal cathode and 8.2 µm/year with a large. Sheet exposed without connection had a corrosion rate of about 0.013 mm/year in both clay and filling material. For sheets without connection the corrosion was almoust the same in clay and in filling material (about 0.013 mm/year). The pitting corrosion was much higher on unconnected sheets in the filling material (about 0.6 mm/year) compared to sheets in the clay (0.07 mm/year). Connecting the sheets together to aeration cells made the pitting corrosioin of the anode to increase (0.257 mm/year) and of the cathode to decrease (0.3 mm/year). This can be explained with that the rate of corrosion in clay is limited by diffusion of oxygen through the water saturated clay and in the filling material by precipitation of corrosion products on the surface. The corrosion of the sheets in the filling material is therefore higher on spots there the layer of corrosion products are weaken which givs pitting corrosion. Connecting the sheet to an areation cells moves the anodic reaction to the the sheet in the clay which are not protected by corrosion products and the pitting corrosion ot the cathode decreases. The cathodic reaction of the sheets in the filling material occures on the magnetite layer deposited close to the metal surface. Oral presentation at Eurocorr 2000 London UK, September 10-14, 2000 (Paper). |
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The objective was to study the possibility for phosphorus recovery from ash obtained from co-incineration of sludge with solid waste in a grate oven and with biofuel in a fluidized bed reactor. Incinerated sludge and ash from co-incineration with solid waste and biofuel were leached with hydrochloric acid at different concentrations and contact time. Leaching with 1M HCl or higher concentrations and during 8 hours gave more than 75 % dissolution of phosphorus. Metal contents of ash from the co-incinerations and in the leachate were measured and the ratio between metal and phosphorus was calculated. The ratio was higher for ash and leachate than for the sludge. For almost all metals the ratio for ash was higher than the limit for sludge approved for agricultural use. Poster at 1st World Water Congress of IWA, Paris France, July 3-7, 2000.
Collaboration project with
Cracow Technical University and city of Nowy Targ, Poland. Polish translation:
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Aeration
cell corrosion of carbon steel in soil:
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Hultman
B., Levlin E., Löwén M., Mossakowska A. & Stark
K. Utvinning av fosfor och andra produkter ur slam och aska, Slutrapport.
(Extraction of phosphorus and other products from sludge and ashes,
Final report) Stockholm Vatten AB, R nr 02, feb 2002, 
Ansvarig för personlig webbsida: Erik Levlin levlin@kth.se
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